اللهجات الکوردية في العالم/ من موسوعة اللغات العالمية

Bajelani
A language of Iraq
ISO 639-3: bjm
[bjm] 20,000 (1976 S. Sara). Qasr-e Shirin, Zohâb, Bin Qudra, Quratu, north of Khanaqin, also in Mosul Province. Kurdish areas. Alternate names: Bajalani, Bajoran, Bejwan, Chichamachu, Gurani. Dialects: In the Gurani and Zaza group. Closely related to Gurani, Shabak, Sarli (less closely to Zaza dialects). Contact with Kurdish. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Zaza-Gorani

Population
20,000 (1976 S. Sara).
Region
Qasr-e Shirin, Zohâb, Bin Qudra, Quratu, north of Khanaqin, also in Mosul Province. Kurdish areas.
Alternate names
Bajalani, Bajoran, Bejwan, Chichamachu, Gurani
Dialects
In the Gurani and Zaza group. Closely related to Gurani, Shabak, Sarli (less closely to Zaza dialects). Contact with Kurdish.
Classification
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Zaza-Gorani

Comments
Since late 1980s, many have become displaced. Agriculturalists. Muslim.
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Gurani
[hac] 21,100 in Iraq (2000). Several hundred thousand for Gurani speakers in both Iraq and Iran (Blau 1989). Population total all countries: 44,000. Near Halabja, east of Suleimaniye, Topzawa near Tawuq, pockets from Mosul to Khanaqin. Also in Iran. Alternate names: Gorani, Hawramani, Hawrami, Hewrami, Macho. Dialects: The Zaza-Gurani group includes Dimli [diq] (Zaza) (Turkey), and Gurani [hac], Bajelani [bjm] (Bajalani), Shabak [sdb], and Sarli [sdf] (Iraq); Hawrami [hac] (Iran). Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Zaza-Gorani
More information.

Gurani
A language of Iraq
ISO 639-3: hac
Population
21,100 in Iraq (2000). Several hundred thousand for Gurani speakers in both Iraq and Iran (Blau 1989). Population total all countries: 44,000.
Region
Near Halabja, east of Suleimaniye, Topzawa near Tawuq, pockets from Mosul to Khanaqin. Also in Iran.
Language map
Iraq

Alternate names
Gorani, Hawramani, Hawrami, Hewrami, Macho
Dialects
The Zaza-Gurani group includes Dimli [diq] (Zaza) (Turkey), and Gurani [hac], Bajelani [bjm] (Bajalani), Shabak [sdb], and Sarli [sdf] (Iraq); Hawrami [hac] (Iran).

Classification
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Zaza-Gorani

Language use
Some also use Central Kurdish [ckb] (Sorani) or Arabic.

Writing system
Arabic script.
Comments
Very old literary tradition. Muslim, Ahl-e Haq.
Also spoken in:
Iran
Language name
Hawrami
Population
22,900 in Iran (2000). For all speakers of Gurani group, several million; Hawrami dialect: 20,000 (Blau 1989).
Region
West Kordestan Province, near Iraqi border, Hewraman, east of Sanandaj, also north of Kermanshah.
Alternate names
Awromani, Gorani, Gurani, Hawramani, Hewrami, Howrami
Dialects
Kakai (Macho), Hawraman-I Luhon, Hawraman-I Taxt, Kandula, Gawhara, Gurani (Gorani).
Language use
Also use Farsi [pes] or Central Kurdish [ckb].

Comments
Muslim, Ahl-e Haqq.
Kurdish [kur] A macrolanguage. Population total all countries: 16,025,505.
More information.
Kurdish
A macrolanguage of Iraq
ISO 639-3: kur
Population total all countries: 16,025,505.
Member languages Kurdish, Central [ckb] (Iraq)
Kurdish, Northern [kmr] (Turkey (Asia))
Kurdish, Southern [sdh] (Iran)
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Kurdish, Central [ckb] 462,000 in Iraq (2004). Population total all countries: 3,712,000. South of Great Zab River, Suleimaniye, Arbil, Kirkuk, and Khanaqin and Mandali provinces. Also displaced. Diaspora communities in other areas, including western Europe, USA. Also in Iran. Alternate names: Kurdi, Sorani. Dialects: Hewleri (Arbili), Xoshnaw, Pizhdar, Suleimani (Silemani), Warmawa, Rewandiz, Bingird, Mukri, Kerkuki, Garmiyani. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Kurdish
More information.
Kurdish, Central
A language of Iraq
ISO 639-3: ckb
Population
462,000 in Iraq (2004). Population total all countries: 3,712,000.
Region
South of Great Zab River, Suleimaniye, Arbil, Kirkuk, and Khanaqin and Mandali provinces. Also displaced. Diaspora communities in other areas, including western Europe, USA. Also in Iran.
Language map
Iraq

Alternate names
Kurdi, Sorani
Dialects
Hewleri (Arbili), Xoshnaw, Pizhdar, Suleimani (Silemani), Warmawa, Rewandiz, Bingird, Mukri, Kerkuki, Garmiyani.
Classification
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Kurdish
A member of macrolanguage Kurdish [kur] (Iraq).

Language use
Official language. Language of wider communication. Positive attitude.
Language development
Literary standard is based on Sorani (from Suleimaniye) variety. NT: 1994.
Writing system
Arabic script.
Comments
Muslim (Sunni).
Also spoken in:
Iran
Language name
Kurdish, Central
Population
3,250,000 in Iran.
Region
Northwest Iran, primarily Kordestan, west Azerbaijani provinces, areas north of Kermanshah. Mukri in Mahabad area, Sineyi (Sine’i) in Sanandaj (Sine) area.
Alternate names
Kordi, Korkora, Kurdi, Kurdy, Mokri, Mukri, Sine’i, Sorani, Wawa
Dialects
Mukri (Mokri, Kordi), Sanandaji (Sine’i, Sina’i, Sineyi), Southern Jafi, Pijdari.
Language use
Language of wider communication.
Language development
Mukri dialect also used as literary language similar to Central Kurdish (Sorani) literary language used in Iraqi Kurdistan (Hajo 1994).
Comments
90% in cities or villages, 10% nomadic. Taught at 2 universities. Kordi may also sometimes be used to refer generally to Northern Kurdish varieties (such as in Khorasan Province), and for varieties of Southern Kurdish [sdh], such as Kermanshahi [sdh]. Muslim (Sunni).


Entries from the SIL Bibliography about this language:
Academic Publications
Fleischman, Eric. 1982. "Proto-Iraqi-Kurdish."

Kurdish, Northern [kmr] 2,800,000 in Iraq (2004). North of Great Zab River, Dohuk and Mosul provinces. Surchi near Great Zab River. Alternate names: Badinani, Bahdini, Behdini, Kirmanciya Jori, Kurmanji. Dialects: Surchi, Akre, Amadiye, Barwari Jor, Gulli, Zakho, Sheikhan. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Kurdish
More information.
Kurdish, Northern
A language of Turkey (Asia)
ISO 639-3: kmr
Population
3,950,000 in Turkey (1980). Population total all countries: 9,320,240. Ethnic population: 6,500,000 in Turkey (Johnstone 1993).
Region
Hakkari, Siirt, Mardin, Agri, Diyarbakir, Bitlis, Bingol, Van, Adiyaman, and Mus, most; also Urfa, Kars, Tunceli, Malatya, Erzurum, Marash, Sivas, and other provinces; communities in central Turkey (Cankiri, Cihanbeyli, near Konya); many in large cities in the west, including Istanbul, Adana, Ankara, Izmir. Also in Afghanistan, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Netherlands, Norway, Russian Federation (Europe), Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Turkmenistan, United Kingdom, United States.
Alternate names
Kermancî, Kirmancî, Kurdi, Kurdî, Kurmancî, Kurmanji
Dialects
Boti (Botani), Marashi, Ashiti, Bayezidi, Hekari, Shemdinani. Differences among dialects, but all use the same written form.
Classification
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Kurdish
A member of macrolanguage Kurdish [kur] (Iraq).

Language use
Language of wider communication. Positive attitude. Few also use Turkish [tur].

Language development
Literacy rate in L2: 28%. Much literature produced, especially in 20th century developed in 1932; originally based on Boti (Botani, Ciziri) variety and more recently influenced by that which is used around Diyarbekir and other areas. There are literary works from 16th and 17th centuries and onward. Newspapers. Radio programs. Dictionary. Grammar. NT: 1872–2000.
Writing system
Arabic script. Cyrillic script, used in Armenia. Latin script, developed in 1932.
Comments
Muslim (Sunni, Alevi), Yezidi.
Also spoken in:
Afghanistan
Language name
Kurdish, Northern
Population
200,000 in Afghanistan (2004).
Region
Kabul area.
Alternate names
Kurmanji
Comments
Muslim (Sunni), Yezidi.

Armenia
Language name
Kurdish, Northern
Population
100,000 in Armenia (2004).
Alternate names
Êzdîkî, Kurmancî, Kurmanji
Language use
Language of wider communication. Schools, texts. Positive attitude.
Language development
Well-developed literary standard and much literature. Some classes in schools.
Comments
Yezidi.

Azerbaijan
Language name
Kurdish, Northern
Population
20,000 in Azerbaijan (1989 census).
Region
Basargechar, Minkend, Kubatly, Zangelan, especially Kelbajar and Lachin. Many displaced.
Language map
Azerbaijan

Alternate names
Kurdî, Kurmancî, Kurmanji
Comments
Muslim (Sunni).

Georgia
Language name
Kurdish, Northern
Population
40,000 in Georgia (1991).
Region
Tblisi area.
Alternate names
Kurdî, Kurmancî, Kurmanji
Comments
Yezidi.

Iran
Language name
Kurdish, Northern
Population
350,000 in Iran (Stanzer 1988).
Region
North and west of Lake Urmia. Some in Kalardast region, Mazandaran Province. Northern Kurdish variety of Khorasani Kurmanji is east of the Caspian Sea, in north Khorassan Province, Quchan and Bojnurd towns.
Alternate names
Eastern Kurmanji, Kordi, Kurdi, Kurmancî, Kurmanji
Dialects
Northern Kurdish (Kurmanji), Khorassani Kurmanji.
Comments
Teaching the Kurmanji dialect is prohibited in Iranian schools. Muslim (Sunni and Shi’a), Yezidi.

Iraq
Language name
Kurdish, Northern
Population
2,800,000 in Iraq (2004).
Region
North of Great Zab River, Dohuk and Mosul provinces. Surchi near Great Zab River.
Language map
Iraq

Alternate names
Badinani, Bahdini, Behdini, Kirmanciya Jori, Kurmanji
Dialects
Surchi, Akre, Amadiye, Barwari Jor, Gulli, Zakho, Sheikhan.
Language use
Language of wider communication. Positive attitude.
Comments
Surchi dialect shares elements of both Northern and Central Kurdish. Many displaced since late 1980s. Muslim (Sunni), Yezidi.

Lebanon
Language name
Kurdish, Northern
Population
75,000 in Lebanon (Meho 2002). Ethnic population: 215,384.
Region
Beirut; Sidon, Tripoli, and Biqa Valley.
Dialects
Mhallami (Mardinli).
Language development
Literacy rate in L1: 40%.
Comments
Muslim (Sunni).

Syria
Language name
Kurdish, Northern
Population
938,000 in Syria (1993).
Region
Northern Syria: Northern Cizire (Qamishlok), Kurd-Dagh (Ciyayê Kurdî, Afrin), Ain-Arab, Allepo, Damascus.
Language map
Jordan and Syria

Alternate names
Kurdi, Kurmancî, Kurmanji
Language use
Language of wider communication. Also use Arabic.
Comments
Agriculturalists. Muslim (Sunni), Yezidi.

Turkmenistan
Language name
Kurdish, Northern
Population
20,000 in Turkmenistan (Bakaev 1962).
Region
Ashkhabad area.
Alternate names
Khorasani, Khorasani Kurmanji, Kurmancî, Kurmanji
Comments
Muslim (Shi’a).

Entries from the SIL Bibliography about this language:
Academic Publications
Bailey, Denise. 2008. "Yezidi Kurds in multilingual contexts: language maintenance and shift."
Fleischman, Eric. 1982. "Proto-Iraqi-Kurdish."
Vernacular Publications
Gundê me xwe ji "grîba çivîkan" diparêze. 2006.
Гӧнде мә бона «ПˀәрсЬма Хwәйпˀәрˀа» мЬqати хwә йә («ГЬрипа Хwәйпˀәрˀа»). 2006.
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Kurdish, Southern [sdh] South of Xanaqin, Kirind, and Qorwaq. Dialects: Kolyai, Kermanshahi (Kermanshani), Kalhori, Sanjabi, Maleksh ahi (Maleksh ay), Bayray, Kordali, Feyli, Luri. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Kurdish
More information.
Kurdish, Southern
A language of Iran
ISO 639-3: sdh
Population
3,000,000 in Iran (Fattah 2000).
Region
Western Iran, Kermanshah, Ilam provinces; Eastern Iraq border with those provinces including Xanaqin. Also in Iraq.
Dialects
Kolyai, Kermanshahi (Kermanshani), Kalhori, Garrusi (Bijari) Sanjabi, Malekshahi (Maleksh ay), Bayray, Kordali, Feyli, Luri.
Classification
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Kurdish
A member of macrolanguage Kurdish [kur] (Iraq).

Language use
Home. Also use Farsi [pes] or [prs].

Writing system
Arabic script.
Comments
Muslim (Shi’a).
Also spoken in:
Iraq
Language name
Kurdish, Southern
Region
South of Xanaqin, Kirind, and Qorwaq.
Language map
Iraq

Dialects
Kolyai, Kermanshahi (Kermanshani), Kalhori, Sanjabi, Maleksh ahi (Maleksh ay), Bayray, Kordali, Feyli, Luri.
Language use
Official language. Home. Also use Arabic.
Comments
Muslim (Shi’a).

Entries from the SIL Bibliography about this language:
Academic Publications
Fleischman, Eric. 1982. "Proto-Iraqi-Kurdish."

Shabak [sdb] 15,000 (Blau 1989). North of Mosul, Ali Rach, Yangija, Khazna, Talara villages; many displaced since 1980’s. Dialects: In the Gurani [hac] (Gorani) and Zaza group. Closely related to Gurani, Sarli [sdf], Bajelani [bjm]. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Zaza-Gorani
More information.
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Shabak
A language of Iraq
ISO 639-3: sdb
Population
15,000 (Blau 1989).
Region
North of Mosul, Ali Rach, Yangija, Khazna, Talara villages; many displaced since 1980’s.
Dialects
In the Gurani [hac] (Gorani) and Zaza group. Closely related to Gurani, Sarli [sdf], Bajelani [bjm].

Classification
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Zaza-Gorani

Comments
Agriculturalists. Muslim.
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Sarli [sdf] Fewer than 20,000. Kirkuk Province, north of Mosul; many displaced. Alternate names: Sarliya. Dialects: In the Gurani [hac] (Gorani) and Zaza group. Closely related to Gurani, Hawrami [hac], Shabak [sdb], Bajelani [bjm]. Classification: Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Zaza-Gorani
More information.

Sarli
A language of Iraq
ISO 639-3: sdf
Population
Fewer than 20,000.
Region
Kirkuk Province, north of Mosul; many displaced.
Alternate names
Sarliya
Dialects
In the Gurani [hac] (Gorani) and Zaza group. Closely related to Gurani, Hawrami [hac], Shabak [sdb], Bajelani [bjm].

Classification
Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Zaza-Gorani

Comments
Agriculturalists. Muslim.